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Contemporary challenges to the prohibition on the threat or use of force in international law

· 6 min read

Contemporary challenges to the prohibition on the threat or use of force in international law

TEHRAN – The prohibition on the threat or use of force, based on Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations, is considered one of the fundamental and peremptory norms of international law. This rule is not merely a political or ethical recommendation; it is a binding norm with a preventive nature, whose primary objective is to prevent the normalization of coercion in relations between states. International law rightly distinguishes between the "use of force" and the "threat of force," but explicitly prohibits both. A threat that objectively has the capacity to intimidate or deprive another state of its freedom to make independent decisions, even without an armed attack occurring, can be considered a violation of the UN Charter.

Contemporary challenges to the prohibition on the threat or use of force in international law

Restoration of 400yearold mosque in Varamin completed

· 3 min read

Restoration of 400-year-old mosque in Varamin completed

TEHRAN -- Restoration of the historical mosque of Hazrat Baqiyatullah in Bagh-e Khavas village, Varamin city, has been completed after two months of specialized work.

Restoration of 400-year-old mosque in Varamin completed

90 traditional foods spotlighted at Meshginshahr festival

· 2 min read

90 traditional foods spotlighted at Meshginshahr festival

TEHRAN – A regional culinary festival was recently held at the Sheikh Heydar Mausoleum complex in Meshginshahr, Ardabil province, featuring more than 90 varieties of traditional and authentic foods.

90 traditional foods spotlighted at Meshginshahr festival

Before refrigerators Iran had Yakhchals Where did summer ice come from

· 5 min read

Before refrigerators, Iran had Yakhchals: Where did summer ice come from?

GONABAD – Have you ever paused, while sipping a chilled sharbat or juice with ice cubes floating inside, or enjoying an iced tea or iced coffee, to wonder how people kept their drinks and food cool before modern refrigerators and ice makers existed? Did they have access to cold water during the scorching days of summer? To find the answers, one can look to the heart of Iran’s desert cities—places where architectural ingenuity and human adaptation to nature gave rise to remarkable structures known as yakhchals, or icehouses.

Before refrigerators, Iran had Yakhchals: Where did summer ice come from?